Australia and Its People

A is correct. Canberra is Australia's capital city. It is located in the Australian Capital Territory, between Sydney and Melbourne, and is home to Parliament House and the High Court.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. Australia's first inhabitants are the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, who have the oldest continuous cultures and traditions in the world.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. Torres Strait Islander people are from the islands between the northern tip of Queensland and Papua New Guinea. Aboriginal people are from mainland Australia and Tasmania.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

D is correct. Australia's national flower (floral emblem) is the golden wattle. Its green and gold flowers give Australia its national colours.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. Australia's national colours are green and gold — the colours of the golden wattle. The uniforms of our national sports teams are usually green and gold.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. The opal is Australia's national gemstone. According to an Aboriginal legend, a rainbow touched the earth and created the colours of the opal.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. Australia Day is celebrated on 26 January each year. It is a public holiday in every state and territory and is the biggest annual public holiday in Australia.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

D is correct. Australia Day marks the anniversary of the arrival of the First Fleet from Great Britain at Sydney Cove in 1788.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. Anzac Day is commemorated on 25 April each year. It is named after the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, which landed at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. Anzac Day is a solemn day when we remember the sacrifice of all Australians who served and died in wars, conflicts and peacekeeping operations.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. Captain Arthur Phillip was the first Governor of the colony of New South Wales. He led the First Fleet, which landed at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

D is correct. European settlement began in 1788, when the First Fleet of 11 convict ships arrived from Great Britain at Sydney Cove on 26 January.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of six states and two mainland territories. Each state and mainland territory has its own capital city.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. Western Australia is the largest state. Perth is its capital city, and the state is home to many large mining projects.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. Tasmania is the smallest state. It is separated from the mainland by the Bass Strait, and its capital city is Hobart.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

D is correct. Sydney is the capital city of New South Wales and the nation's largest city. The Sydney Harbour Bridge and Opera House are national icons.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. Melbourne is the capital city of Victoria. Victoria's icons include the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the 12 Apostles and the Royal Exhibition Building.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. The world-famous Great Barrier Reef runs along the eastern coast of Queensland. Queensland's capital city is Brisbane.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. Darwin is the capital city of the Northern Territory. Northern Territory icons include Uluru, Kata Tjuta and Kings Canyon.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

D is correct. 'Advance Australia Fair' is Australia's national anthem. It is sung on occasions of national importance, including at Australian citizenship ceremonies.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. The Union Jack in the top left corner of the flag represents Australia's history of British settlement and the laws and institutions we inherited as a result.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. The Commonwealth Star has seven points — one for each of the six states and one point for the territories. It sits under the Union Jack.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. On the Australian Aboriginal Flag, the yellow circle represents the sun. The black represents the Aboriginal peoples and the red represents the earth.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

D is correct. A kangaroo and an emu support the shield on each side of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms. Both are native Australian animals.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. Australia's national language is English. It is part of our national identity, and migrants are encouraged to learn and use English to participate in society.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. A Welcome to Country is a cultural practice performed by an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander custodian of the local region, welcoming visitors to their traditional land.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. The archaeological record indicates that Aboriginal peoples arrived in Australia between 65,000 and 40,000 years ago, giving them the oldest continuous cultures and traditions in the world.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia make up approximately three per cent of the Australian population.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

D is correct. Other languages are also valued in Australia, including more than 100 distinct Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. European settlement started when the first 11 convict ships, which became known as the 'First Fleet', arrived from Great Britain on 26 January 1788.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. In 1851, a 'gold rush' began when gold was discovered in the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. In 10 years, Australia's population more than doubled.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. People came from all around the world during the gold rush. Chinese people arriving at this time were the first large group of migrants not from Europe.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. In 1901, Australia's population was about four million. This number did not include Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, who were not counted in official estimates until after the 1967 Referendum.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

D is correct. In the 1967 Referendum, more than 90 per cent of Australians voted 'Yes' to allow Aboriginal peoples to be counted in the Census and included in official estimates of the population.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. Tasmania is the smallest state, separated from the mainland by the Bass Strait. Its capital city is Hobart and much of the island has unspoilt wilderness landscapes.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. New South Wales was the first colony established by the British. Sydney is its capital city and the nation's largest city.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. The Northern Territory has a tropical environment in the north and dry red desert in the south. Its capital is Darwin, and its icons include Uluru, Kata Tjuta and Kings Canyon.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

D is correct. Sydney is the capital city of New South Wales and the nation's largest city. The Sydney Harbour Bridge and Opera House are national icons.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. The Australian Aboriginal Flag is black, red and yellow. The top half is black, the bottom half is red, and a yellow circle sits in the centre.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. On the Australian Aboriginal Flag, the top half is black and represents the Aboriginal peoples of Australia.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. On the Australian Aboriginal Flag, the bottom half is red and represents the earth, which has ceremonial significance. The yellow circle represents the sun.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

D is correct. The Torres Strait Islander Flag is green, blue, black and white. The green stripes represent the land, the blue panel the sea, and the black lines the Torres Strait Islander people.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. On the Torres Strait Islander Flag, the points of the white star represent the island groups in the Torres Strait, and the colour white symbolises peace.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. On the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, the background is the golden wattle, Australia's national flower. A kangaroo and an emu support the shield, with a gold Commonwealth Star above it.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. The Commonwealth Coat of Arms is the official symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia and represents our national unity. The shield in the centre represents the six states and federation.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

D is correct. 'Advance Australia Fair' is Australia's national anthem. It is sung on occasions of national importance, including at Australian citizenship ceremonies and major sporting events.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. Anyone can deliver an Acknowledgement of Country. It recognises that a gathering is on Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander land. A Welcome to Country, by contrast, is performed by a Traditional Custodian of the local region.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. The Southern Cross, on the right of the Australian National Flag, is a group of stars that can be seen in the southern sky. The Union Jack is in the top left corner and the seven-pointed Commonwealth Star sits beneath it.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

B is correct. During Australia Day celebrations, the Prime Minister announces the Australian of the Year Awards in Canberra.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

D is correct. Anzac Day is named after the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, which landed at Gallipoli in Türkiye during World War I on 25 April 1915.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

C is correct. Australia's national flower is the golden wattle, a small tree that grows mainly in south-eastern Australia. It has bright green leaves and golden yellow flowers in spring.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people

A is correct. The opal is Australia's national gemstone. According to Aboriginal legend, a rainbow touched the earth and created the colours of the opal.Our Common Bond — Part 1: Australia and its people